The 12 essential things to do in Cairo

The Pyramids of Giza, the only one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world still standing, dominate the plateau west of Cairo. The complex brings together the Great Pyramid of Khufu, those of Khafre and Menkaure, and the Great Sphinx, a colossal statue with a lion's body and a pharaoh's head. It is part of the UNESCO site 'Memphis and its Necropolis', inscribed in 1979.

You can tour the plateau on foot or by camel, enter the Great Pyramid (extra fee) through narrow corridors to the burial chamber, and watch the evening Sound and Light Show. It is the unmissable highlight of a Cairo trip — allow a half-day.

Inaugurated on 1 November 2025 at Giza, about 2 km from the pyramids, the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) is the world's largest archaeological museum. For the first time it holds the complete Tutankhamun collection — over 5,000 objects, including the golden mask and the throne — previously only partly shown at the Tahrir museum.

With its monumental grand staircase, gallery of colossal statues and themed halls, the GEM has become Cairo's cultural must-see, a natural complement to the nearby pyramids.

The Egyptian Museum on Tahrir Square, opened in 1902, is Egypt's oldest major antiquities museum. Important: since the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) opened at Giza, its most famous pieces have moved. The complete Tutankhamun collection is now displayed at the GEM, and the royal mummies moved to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Fustat during the 2021 'Pharaohs' Golden Parade'.

The Tahrir museum nevertheless remains open and keeps a vast collection of pharaonic and Greco-Roman antiquities in the atmosphere of its historic 1902 building. Check before visiting which halls and objects are still on site, as transfers to the GEM are ongoing.

The Islamic Old City of Cairo, also known as Islamic Cairo, is a historic area filled with architectural and cultural sites dating back to the Islamic medieval era. Situated at the heart of Cairo, it is considered one of the oldest preserved urban areas globally. With a rich history dating back to the medieval Islamic era, it was founded in 969 AD and has since served as a political, religious, and cultural center.

Islamic Old City of Cairo is renowned for its numerous historic mosques. The Ibn Tulun Mosque, constructed in the 9th century, stands as one of the city's oldest. The Al-Azhar Mosque, founded in 970 AD, is one of the world's oldest universities.

In addition to mosques, the area houses ancient Quranic schools known as madrasas. Khan El Khalili, a historic market, is a must-visit in the Old City, famous for its lively atmosphere and craft shops.

Wander through the winding alleys and narrow passages of Islamic Old Cairo to discover ancient architecture and experience the authentic atmosphere of the region. Historic gates, like Bab Zuweila, provide panoramic views of the city from the ramparts.

Some historic palaces, such as the Palace of Emir Taz, are scattered throughout the Old City, bearing witness to the history of past leaders. The Old City is also a hub for cultural events, festivals, and celebrations, showcasing the richness of Islamic and Egyptian culture. It offers an immersive experience in history, architecture, and Islamic culture, making it a must-visit for history and heritage enthusiasts.

Khan El Khalili Market is one of Cairo's most iconic and bustling markets, offering a unique shopping experience and immersion in the vibrant atmosphere of the city. Here are some key points and tips to fully enjoy your visit to Khan El Khalili:

• Colorful Atmosphere: Immerse yourself in the lively atmosphere of the market, with its narrow alleys filled with shops, stalls, and colorful stands.
• Artisanal Shopping: Khan El Khalili is renowned for its handmade products. Explore the shops for items such as copperware, carpets, jewelry, scarves, and other local souvenirs.
• Haggling: Haggling is an integral part of the experience at Khan El Khalili. Feel free to negotiate prices, but do so in a friendly and respectful manner.
• Traditional Cafés: Take a break at one of the traditional cafes scattered throughout the market. It's an excellent way to soak up the local atmosphere while enjoying tea or coffee.
• Visiting Hours: Khan El Khalili is particularly lively in the evening. To avoid crowds, consider visiting early in the morning or in the early afternoon.
• Explore Side Alleys: Don't limit yourself to the main alleys. Explore side alleys to discover hidden treasures and less crowded shops.
• Respect Cultures: Respect local customs and the cultural diversity of the market. Be mindful of prayer times and avoid photographing people without their permission.
• Be Ready to Bargain: Traders can be persuasive; be prepared to decline politely if you don't wish to make a purchase.
• Points of Interest: Don't miss iconic sites like the Al-Hussein Mosque and El Fishawy Café, one of the oldest cafes in Cairo located nearby.
• Transport: Ensure you plan your transportation to and from the market. Taxis and public transportation are generally available in the area.

By following these tips, you can fully enjoy the unique experience that Khan El Khalili offers, with its artisanal treasures, lively atmosphere, and rich cultural heritage.

Visiting the Saladin Citadel and the Mohammed Ali Mosque in Cairo promises a captivating dive into Egyptian Islamic history and architecture. Perched on a hill, the Citadel offers breathtaking panoramic views of Cairo, revealing its bustling streets and iconic minarets. Before delving into exploration, acquainting oneself with the rich history of these sites enhances the overall appreciation.

The Mohammed Ali Mosque, nestled within the Citadel, stands as an architectural masterpiece. Its majestic domes and minarets crafted from alabaster command attention, while the interior unveils a splendid central dome and intricate artistic details. Strolling through the courtyard, one can admire the fountain and soak in the serenity of this religious space.

The Citadel's gardens provide a tranquil escape, inviting relaxation amid the city's hustle. It's advisable to dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees, respecting the sanctity of the religious sites. For a more enriching experience, hiring a guide can provide valuable insights into the history, art, and spirituality of these iconic locations. Capture these memorable moments with your camera, but be mindful of photography rules within religious sites. Don't forget to purchase the necessary tickets to fully enjoy this cultural immersion.

Cairo's Coptic Quarter, also known as Old Cairo, is an ancient and historic part of the city that houses a significant Christian community. Located to the south of Cairo, it is one of the oldest parts of the city, often referred to as Old Cairo due to its rich historical heritage.

The Coptic Quarter has an ancient history dating back to the early centuries of Christianity. It is home to some of Egypt's oldest churches, along with sites associated with the lives of early Christians. The Coptic Quarter is renowned for its iconic churches, with the Hanging Church (Saint Virgin Mary) being one of the most well-known. Other notable churches include the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus and the Church of St. George.

In addition to churches, the Coptic Quarter is home to the Ben Ezra Synagogue, dating back to the 9th century and one of Cairo's oldest synagogues. The walls of Old Cairo and its gates, notably the Gate of Babylon, add a medieval atmosphere to the area.

The Coptic Quarter also features several interesting museums, including the Coptic Museum showcasing a collection of art and religious artifacts related to Coptic history. Explore the picturesque alleys to discover craft shops, traditional cafes, and an authentic atmosphere.

Situated along the Nile, the Coptic Quarter offers picturesque views and pleasant walks along the river. It hosts numerous religious events and festivities, particularly during Christian celebrations. When visiting churches and holy sites, ensure to respect local customs and specific conduct rules for each site.

Cairo's Coptic Quarter is a historical treasure that provides a fascinating insight into Egypt's Christian history, featuring ancient churches, charming alleys, and an atmosphere steeped in history.

Al-Azhar Park, located in Cairo, is an iconic green space providing a peaceful oasis in the midst of urban hustle and bustle. Here is some additional information about this park:

• Location: Al-Azhar Park is situated in the historic Islamic Cairo district, near the Al-Azhar Mosque, one of the oldest universities globally.
• Creation: Inaugurated in 2005, the park is the result of an urban revitalization project initiated by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. It transformed a dilapidated site into a beautiful landscaped park.
• Landscape Design: The park was designed with carefully landscaped gardens, fountains, paved pathways, and resting areas, drawing inspiration from traditional Islamic aesthetics.
• Panoramic View: A major attraction of Al-Azhar Park is the panoramic view it offers of the old city of Cairo. Visitors can admire minarets and historical landmarks while enjoying a tranquil setting.
• Park Features: The park offers green spaces for picnics, playgrounds for children, cafes, and pleasant walks. Visitors can also explore the gardens and various zones within the park.
• Cultural Activities: Al-Azhar Park occasionally hosts cultural events such as concerts, art exhibitions, and other activities that enhance the visitor experience.
• Entrance: Access to the park may require an entrance fee, with varying rates based on nationality and age. Some days of the week may offer free entry.
• Opening Hours: It is advisable to check the park's opening hours before your visit, as they may vary depending on the day of the week and seasons.

Al-Azhar Park is an ideal place to escape the city's hustle, unwind, and appreciate the natural and cultural beauty of its surroundings. Before visiting, make sure to check current information to plan your experience effectively.

In Cairo, a 'Nile cruise' is mostly an evening affair: a sailing felucca at sunset, or a dinner boat with food, music and a dance show. It is a peaceful way to see the city and its lights from the water, between Zamalek and Garden City.

Not to be confused with the multi-day cruises along the temples of Luxor, Karnak, Edfu, Kom Ombo and Aswan: those run through Upper Egypt, more than 500 km to the south, reached from Cairo by plane or night train.

The City of the Dead, or "Qarafa" in Arabic, is a vast cemetery located in Cairo, Egypt. Here is some information about this unique place:

1. Location: The City of the Dead is situated to the east of Cairo, beyond the historic city walls. It spans several square kilometers and is often considered one of the largest cemeteries in the world.
2. History: The City of the Dead has a history dating back centuries. It began to take shape in the Middle Ages, and over time, it has become the final resting place for many Egyptians. Some of the mausoleums and tombs date back to ancient periods, while others are more recent.
3. Population: What sets the City of the Dead apart from traditional cemeteries is that people also live within this burial complex. The population resides among the tombs in sometimes challenging conditions, creating a unique community within the cemetery.
4. Daily Activities: Despite its origin as a cemetery, the City of the Dead is also an active living area. Residents often work in industries related to funeral services, such as coffin manufacturing and tomb maintenance.
5. Famous Mausoleums and Tombs: Some mausoleums and tombs in the City of the Dead are famous for their architecture, history, or the personalities buried there. Some visitors go there to explore these specific sites.
6. Tourism: Although it may seem unusual, the City of the Dead is sometimes visited by tourists who want to learn more about the daily life of people in this unusual cemetery and discover its cultural heritage.
7. Famous Residents: Over the centuries, the City of the Dead has become the final resting place for various historical figures and notable individuals. Exploring the graves can reveal interesting stories about the people buried there.
8. Cultural Respect: It is important to note that the City of the Dead is a resting place for many individuals, and it is essential to respect the sacred nature of this place. Visitors should exercise sensitivity and respect towards the community living and working there.

The City of the Dead bears witness to the rich and complex history of Cairo, offering a unique insight into the coexistence of daily life and eternal rest in the same location.

The Manial Palace, also known as the Prince Mohamed Ali Tawfik Palace, is a historic site located on the island of Manial in Cairo, Egypt. Here is some information about this remarkable palace:

• History: The Manial Palace was built in the early 20th century by Prince Mohammed Ali Tawfik, a member of the Egyptian royal family. It was intended to be the prince's personal residence.
• Architecture: The palace features a unique combination of architectural styles, blending Arab, Ottoman, and European elements. The palace gardens are also carefully landscaped, adding to the overall beauty of the site.
• Art Collections: The palace houses a valuable art collection, including Islamic art, antique furniture, carpets, and other crafted items. Visitors can admire the elegance and cultural richness of these pieces.
• Mosque: The Manial Palace also includes a beautifully designed mosque with exquisite architectural details. It is open to visitors and provides an immersive experience of Islamic architecture.
• Gardens: The palace gardens are among the most impressive features. With shaded walkways, fountains, and a variety of plants, they offer a peaceful setting for a relaxing stroll.
• Library: The palace houses a library that preserves a collection of rare Islamic manuscripts and ancient books.
• Prince Mohamed Ali Tawfik Museum: Part of the palace has been converted into a museum showcasing personal items of Prince Mohamed Ali Tawfik, giving visitors insight into his life and era.
• Cultural Events: The Manial Palace is sometimes used for cultural events, art exhibitions, and concerts, making it a dynamic venue beyond its museum status.
• Accessibility: The palace is generally open to visitors, but it is recommended to check opening hours before planning your visit.

Visiting the Manial Palace not only provides a glimpse into Egyptian royal history but also offers an opportunity to appreciate art, architecture, and the beautiful gardens that make it a culturally rich destination worth exploring.

The Cairo Tower, a landmark in the heart of Cairo, is situated on Gezira Island in the Zamalek district, amidst the Nile River. Designed by Egyptian architect Naoum Chebib, it was completed in 1961. With a height of approximately 187 meters, the tower boasts a distinctive architecture inspired by the Pharaonic era, characterized by its slender form and wrought iron structure.

At the tower's summit, an observatory provides a breathtaking 360-degree panoramic view of Cairo. A revolving restaurant and café offer visitors the opportunity to savor dishes while enjoying the ever-changing landscape. Illuminated at night, the Cairo Tower creates a spectacular image visible from various points across the city.

Beyond its role as an observatory, the Cairo Tower has become a popular tourist attraction, drawing those seeking a memorable view of the Egyptian capital. Before visiting, be sure to check the opening hours to fully appreciate this unique experience.